Dead space vs shunt anesthesia v/q2/20/2024 Hypoventilation reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the alveoli during ventilation. This should always be the first thing checked should your patient suddenly become hypoxemic. oxygen flow meter turned off, oxygen tank depleted, etc.), obstruction of breathing circuit/endotracheal tube, or excessive inspired concentration of carbon dioxide from an oxygen flow rate too low (non-rebreathing system) or a non-functional expiratory valve. Reasons for low FiO 2 in an anesthetized patient may be due to disconnection of oxygen source (e.g. Severe hypoxemia is an SaO 2 of 400 mmHg, therefore a patient with an accurately low SpO 2 or documented low PaO 2 is quite concerning. Moderate is SaO 2 91–94% and PaO 2 of 60–70 mmHg. Mild hypoxemia is an SaO 2 of 94–96% and PaO 2 of 70–90 mmHg. Hypoxemia can be divided into mild, moderate and severe. For this reason, close monitoring of SpO 2 and end tidal CO 2 perioperatively is important and abnormalities investigated and addressed. Inadequate tissue oxygenation leads to cellular dysfunction and eventually cell death. Appropriate arterial levels of oxygen are important for maintaining normal tissue oxygenation and therefore normal cellular metabolism and overall cellular function. Hypoxemia refers to abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood, whereas hypoxia is defined as abnormally low oxygenation of the tissues or the body as a whole. Veterinary Specialty Hospital, San Diego, CA
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